High-quality Management
Compounding depends heavily on leadership. We look closely at a management team’s record of creating value, its discipline in allocating capital, its rigor in planning and tracking performance, and the depth of its bench beyond the CEO — and at whether the company’s advantage rests on process rather than on any one person.
Financial Quality
We look for a high return on invested capital, sustained over time and measured on all the capital a business employs, including intangible investment such as R&D and SG&A. We also look for strong free cash flow conversion and attractive returns on newly invested capital — the marks of a Compounder.
Economic Quality
A Compounder’s returns typically have a structural cause. Drawing on the Hicks-Marshall laws of derived demand, we look for products and services that are a small share of the customer’s budget, hard to substitute, and sold to buyers who can bear a price increase. Drawing on Helmer’s 7 Powers, we look for durable competitive advantages such as scale economies, switching costs, branding and process power.